Since 1982, the Bureau of Justice Statistics Corrections Resources has administered a yearly sample of approximately 950 local jails (city, county, regional, and private) nationwide. The Annual Survey of Jails (ASJ) provides national estimates on the number of inmates confined in jails, demographic characteristics and criminal justice status of the jail population, holds for federal and state prison authorities, counts of admissions and releases, number of jail employees, and rated capacity.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) collects administrative data from probation and parole agencies in the United States through the Annual Probation Survey and Annual Parole Survey. Data collected include the total number of adults on state and federal probation and parole on January 1 and December 31 of each year, the number of adults entering and exiting probation and parole supervision each year, and the characteristics of adults under the supervision of probation and parole agencies. Published data include both national- and state-level data. The surveys cover all 50 states, the federal system, and the District of Columbia. They began in 1980 and are conducted annually. Probation data are available from 1977 through BJS's National Probation Reports. Parole data are available from 1975 through BJS's Uniform Parole Reports.
Auditor Compliance Tool - Prisons and Jails is one of the core components of the PREA audit instrument. It is used during each phase of the PREA audit to guide auditors in making compliance determinations for each provision of every standard, including the evidence auditors should collect to assess compliance. The Auditor Compliance Tool walks the auditor step by step through each provision of every Standard, pairing the provision itself with the detailed requirements for compliance and noting how the auditor should verify that the facility meets or does not meet those requirements.
The 2019 Census of Jails (COJ) is part of a series that studies local jails and 12 Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) detention facilities functioning as jails. It collected data on local jail populations, including one-day custody counts by sex, race, Hispanic origin, conviction status, offense severity, non-U.S. citizens, juveniles, holds for state and federal authorities, admissions, releases, and average daily population. It also gathered facility information, such as capacity, staffing, and opioid programs. The COJ is the only collection that enumerates local jails and BOP facilities, providing inmate counts at the facility level, and serves as the sampling frame for the Survey of Inmates in Local Jails (SILJ) and Annual Survey of Jails.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics Corrections Resources conducted approximately every 5 to 7 years, the Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities (CCF) collects facility-level data on the operations of facilities and the conditions of confinement, including facility capacity and crowding, court orders, safety and security within prisons, security-staff workload, overall facility function, programming, work assignments, and special housing. The CCF furnishes the sampling frame for the nationwide Survey of Prison Inmates.
Correctional Officers’ Perceptions of Training and Organizational Values provides facts from a national scan conducted by Improving Institutional Corrections Academy Training, TMG consisting of on-site observations, surveys, and curriculum evaluations. TMG examines training academies' focus, content, and quality and develop guidance for building and supporting correctional staff to increase public safety by improving outcomes across the corrections community.
FTP Resources for Auditors offers a compilation of auditor resources used by the Field Training Program (FTP). The resources were developed by the FTP team to aid in obtaining and collecting audit documentation and comprehensive facility data.
The Guide for Hiring Corrections Analysts offers leaders in corrections guidance on building teams that can provide data and analytics support to their agencies. The tool also provides tiers of basic skills, knowledge, and experiences that corrections analysts should possess at different levels.
Improving Institutional Corrections Training Academies: Guiding Principles Agency Assessment evaluates each agency's adherence to the guiding principles.
Justice Counts envisions a more effective and efficient criminal justice system by providing policymakers with actionable data to make policy and budgetary decisions. Justice Counts helps agency leaders adopt the Justice Counts metrics, make the data available, and help policy makers use them. It has supported a broad coalition to reach consensus around a set of metrics for each part of the system, including state departments of correction. States will develop a plan to engage agencies and localities, organize their data in the Justice Counts tool, and engage decisionmakers to use the data.
Every year since 1980, Bureau of Justice Statistics Corrections Resources has extracted justice expenditure and employment data from the Census Bureau's Annual Government Finance Survey and Annual Survey of Public Employment. This data is published in the Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts series, which presents estimates of government expenditures and employment for the following justice categories: police protection, all judicial and legal functions (including prosecution, courts, and public defense), and corrections. This series includes data for national, federal, state, and large local governments (counties with populations of 500,000 or more and cities with populations of 300,000 or more). The unit of analysis in the Justice Expenditure and Employment Extracts series is the government. For example, the corrections employment reported for any particular state represents the total of all correctional personnel employed by that state.
Bureau of Justice Statistics Corrections Resources; The National Corrections Reporting Program (NCRP) collects offender-level administrative data annually on prison admissions and releases, and year-end custody populations, and on parole entries and discharges in participating jurisdictions. Demographic information, conviction offenses, sentence length, minimum time to be served, credited jail time, type of admission, type of release, and time served are collected from individual prisoner records. The collection began in 1983 and is conducted annually. Beginning in 1999, jurisdictions also began providing a stock file for all inmates held at year-end. In 2012, jurisdictions began reporting parole entry data. The number of states submitting data to NCRP has varied over the years, but at least 40 states have provided some data since 2000. All 50 states provided at least one type of NCRP record in 2011-2014, with at least 47 states participating from 2015-2022.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics Corrections Resources produces annual national- and state-level data on the number of prisoners in state and federal prison facilities. Aggregate data are collected on race and sex of prison inmates, inmates held in private facilities and local jails, system capacity, noncitizens, and persons age 17 or younger. Findings are released in the Prisoners series and the Corrections Statistical Analysis Tool (CSAT) - Prisoners. Data are from the 50 state departments of correction, the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and until 2001, the District of Columbia. After 2001, persons sentenced under the District of Columbia criminal code were housed in federal facilities.
Through the Restrictive Housing Reform Initiative, the Bureau of Justice Assistance funds a training and technical assistance provider to: (1) provide support and assistance to correctional agencies that are ready to implement reforms around their use of restrictive housing, (2) create resources based on national implementation efforts that will be made available to correctional agencies and facilities engaged in or considering restrictive housing reform, and (3) develop practices for correctional agencies to use in collecting and analyzing data to measure the impact of these reforms.
The Survey of Sexual Victimization (SSV) is part of BJS's National Prison Rape Statistics Program, which gathers mandated data on the incidence and prevalence of sexual victimization in adult correctional and juvenile justice facilities, under the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREA; P.L. 108-79). This is an administrative data collection based on allegations of sexual victimization by other inmates/youth or staff that are reported to authorities. The collection includes an enumeration of allegations and substantiated incidents reported to state prison systems; state juvenile correctional systems; the federal prison system; U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE); the U.S. military; and a sample of jail jurisdictions, privately operated adult prisons and jails, facilities in Indian country, and local and private juvenile justice facilities. Additional information is collected on substantiated incidents on the victim(s), perpetrator(s), characteristics of the incident, and
The Virtual Academy Model Code Repository gives corrections analysts access to a variety of code templates written in the R statistical programming language to improve data analytic efficiency and accuracy. This repository includes code to help reduce time spent compiling reports, tables, and visualizations. Additionally, all templates encourage reproducibility to prevent data discrepancies and simplify common time-consuming tasks.
Training Directors: A Survey to Develop Guidance on Correctional Training Needs provides facts from a national scan conducted by Improving Institutional Corrections Academy Training consisting of on-site observations, surveys, and curriculum evaluations. TMG examines training academies' focus, content, and quality and develop guidance for building and supporting correctional staff to increase public safety by improving outcomes across the corrections community.